TM 19714
(text of Papyri.info of September 2016)
Hover on a word for more info. Click on it to go to the detail page of the lemma.
p.lond.5.1695_1
1 [--------------------]NA of _ (no translation available) περὶpreposition περί ("about") τὴ̣νarticle.sg.fem.acc of ὁ ("the")
→ ḍọṭṭẹḍ letters indicate characters that are legible in context only αὐτὴνdemonstrative.sg.fem.acc of αὐτός ("self; him, her (declined cases)") [κώ]μ̣[(ην)]noun.sg.fem.acc of κώμη ("village")
→ square brackets [ ] embrace text that is lost but has been reconstructed
→ round brackets ( ) embrace text that has been abbreviated
→ ḍọṭṭẹḍ letters indicate characters that are legible in context only [χ]α̣ί̣ρ̣(ειν)infinitive.pres.act of χαίρω ("rejoice, greet")
→ square brackets [ ] embrace text that is lost but has been reconstructed
→ round brackets ( ) embrace text that has been abbreviated
→ ḍọṭṭẹḍ letters indicate characters that are legible in context only ·punctuation (not present in the original) ὁ̣μ̣[ο]λ̣ο̣γ̣[ῶ]verb.1.sg.pres.ind.act of ὁμολογέω ("agree, acknowledge")
→ square brackets [ ] embrace text that is lost but has been reconstructed
→ ḍọṭṭẹḍ letters indicate characters that are legible in context only [ἑκουσ]ί̣[ως]adverb of ἑκούσιος ("voluntary")
→ square brackets [ ] embrace text that is lost but has been reconstructed
→ ḍọṭṭẹḍ letters indicate characters that are legible in context only
2 καὶcoordinator of καί ("and") αὐθαι[ρ]έτωςadverb of αὐθαίρετος ("self-chosen, voluntary")
→ square brackets [ ] embrace text that is lost but has been reconstructed μεμισθῶσθαιinfinitive.pf.mid of μισθόω ("let out for hire; lease (medial)") παρʼpreposition παρά ("beside; from (+gen.)") ὑμῶνpersonal.pl.comm.gen of σύ ("you") πρὸςpreposition πρός ("to, about") πεντα-adjective.sg.masc.acc.pos of πενταετής (""lasting five years"")
3 ετῆadjective.sg.masc.acc.pos of πενταετής (""lasting five years"") χρόνονnoun.sg.masc.acc of χρόνος ("time") λογιζ(όμενον)participle.sg.pres.mid.masc.acc of λογίζομαι ("count")
→ round brackets ( ) embrace text that has been abbreviated ἀπὸpreposition ἀπό ("from") καρπῶνnoun.pl.masc.gen of καρπός ("fruit, crop") σὺνpreposition σύν ("with") Θ(εῷ)Divine element: Θεός δεκάτηςadjective.sg.fem.gen.pos of δέκατος ("tenth") ἰνδικ(τίονος)noun.sg.fem.gen of ἰνδικτιών ("indiction (dating period)")
→ round brackets ( ) embrace text that has been abbreviated
4 καὶcoordinator of καί ("and") αὐτῆςdemonstrative.sg.fem.gen of αὐτός ("self; him, her (declined cases)") τὸarticle.sg.neut.acc of ὁ ("the") κτῆμαnoun.sg.neut.acc of κτῆμα ("possession, real estate, vineyard") το[ν]*asterisk indicates error or non-standard form for the correct τῶν: article.pl.fem.gen of ὁ ("the")
→ square brackets [ ] embrace text that is lost but has been reconstructed εὐγενεστάτ(ων)adjective.pl.fem.gen.sup of εὐγενής ("well-born")
→ round brackets ( ) embrace text that has been abbreviated Σιβύλλαςgen, person's name, reference to Sibylla (TM Per 135250) καὶcoordinator of καί ("and") Ἡραείδοςgen, person's name, reference to Herais (TM Per 135251)
5 θυγατραις*asterisk indicates error or non-standard form for the correct θυγατέρων: noun.pl.fem.gen of θυγάτηρ ("daughter") Μουσα̣ίουgen, father's name, reference to Mousaios (TM Per 135260) Συρίωνο̣ςgen, grandfather's name, reference to Syrion (TM Per 228879) τοῦarticle.sg.masc.gen of ὁ ("the") ἀπογενομένο(υ)participle.sg.aor.mid.masc.gen of ἀπογίγνομαι ("die")
→ round brackets ( ) embrace text that has been abbreviated συντελεστοῦnoun.sg.masc.gen of συντελεστής ("member of a land-owners' union which is responsible for the collection and payment of its taxes")
6 τὸarticle.sg.neut.acc of ὁ ("the") διακείμεν(ον)participle.sg.pres.mid.neut.acc of διάκειμαι ("to be disposed")
→ round brackets ( ) embrace text that has been abbreviated ἐπὶpreposition ἐπί ("upon, on") τῆς̣*asterisk indicates error or non-standard form for the correct τοῖς: article.pl.neut.dat of ὁ ("the")
→ ḍọṭṭẹḍ letters indicate characters that are legible in context only πρὸςpreposition πρός ("to, about") λίβαnoun.sg.masc.acc of λίψ ("west") μέρεσιnoun.pl.neut.dat of μέρος ("part, share") τῆςarticle.sg.fem.gen of ὁ ("the")
7 αὐτῆςdemonstrative.sg.fem.gen of αὐτός ("self; him, her (declined cases)") κώμηςnoun.sg.fem.gen of κώμη ("village") κλήρουnoun.sg.masc.gen of κλῆρος ("piece of land, plot") Πιαϩreference to κλῆρος Πιαϩ Πετο (TM Geo 6594: U10a - Pia Peto) Πετοreference to κλῆρος Πιαϩ Πετο (TM Geo 6594: U10a - Pia Peto) σὺνpreposition σύν ("with") λάκκοιςnoun.pl.masc.dat of λάκκος ("pond") πηγαιο*asterisk indicates error or non-standard form for the correct πηγαίῳ: adjective.sg.masc.dat.pos of πηγαῖος ("from a spring") τεcoordinator of τε ("both ... and")
8 καὶcoordinator of καί ("and") ἀναβολικοῦ*asterisk indicates error or non-standard form for the correct ἀναβολικῷ: adjective.sg.masc.dat.pos of ἀναβολικός ("filled by a machine") καὶcoordinator of καί ("and") μονῇnoun.sg.fem.dat of μονή ("abiding, staying in one's place") καὶcoordinator of καί ("and") φ[υ]τοῖςnoun.pl.neut.dat of φυτόν ("plant")
→ square brackets [ ] embrace text that is lost but has been reconstructed καὶcoordinator of καί ("and") φοίνιξιnoun.pl.masc.dat of φοῖνιξ ("palm tree") καὶcoordinator of καί ("and") δικαίῳadjective.sg.neut.dat.pos of δίκαιος ("just, righteous") παντὶindefinite.sg.neut.dat of πᾶς ("all")
9 ἐντὸςpreposition ἐντός ("within") κ[αὶ]coordinator of καί ("and")
→ square brackets [ ] embrace text that is lost but has been reconstructed ἐκτὸςpreposition ἐκτός ("sixth") κατὰpreposition κατά ("downwards, against") τὰarticle.pl.neut.acc of ὁ ("the") ὅριαnoun.pl.neut.acc of ὅριον ("boundary") ἐφʼpreposition ἐπί ("upon, on") ᾧrelative.sg.neut.dat of ὅς ("who, what (relative)") μεpersonal.sg.comm.acc of ἐγώ ("I, me") τοῦτοdemonstrative.sg.neut.acc of οὗτος ("this, that") γεωργῆσαιinfinitive.aor.act of γεωργέω ("to be a farmer")
10 ἐκpreposition ἐκ ("from out of") τῶνarticle.pl.neut.gen of ὁ ("the") ἰ̣[δ]ίωνadjective.pl.neut.gen.pos of ἴδιος ("one's own")
→ square brackets [ ] embrace text that is lost but has been reconstructed
→ ḍọṭṭẹḍ letters indicate characters that are legible in context only μο(υ)personal.sg.comm.gen of ἐγώ ("I, me")
→ round brackets ( ) embrace text that has been abbreviated ζ̣ῴω[ν]noun.pl.neut.gen of ζῷον ("living being, animal")
→ square brackets [ ] embrace text that is lost but has been reconstructed
→ ḍọṭṭẹḍ letters indicate characters that are legible in context only καὶcoordinator of καί ("and") γεωργῶνnoun.pl.masc.gen of γεωργός ("farmer") καὶcoordinator of καί ("and") ἀντὶpreposition ἀντί ("against") τῶνarticle.pl.neut.gen of ὁ ("the")
11 ἐκφορίωνnoun.pl.neut.gen of ἐκφόριον ("rent paid in kind") ἑτοίμω[ς]adverb of ἑτοῖμος ("at hand, ready")
→ square brackets [ ] embrace text that is lost but has been reconstructed ἔχωverb.1.sg.pres.ind.act of ἔχω ("to have") ἐνpreposition ἐν ("in") τελείῳadjective.sg.neut.dat.pos of τέλειος ("perfect, adult") καὶcoordinator of καί ("and") ἀβροχικῷadjective.sg.neut.dat.pos of ἀβροχικός (no translation available)
12 ὃrelative.sg.neut.nom of ὅς ("who, what (relative)") μὴadverb of μή ("not") εἴ̣η̣verb.3.sg.pres.opt.act of εἰμί ("to be")
→ ḍọṭṭẹḍ letters indicate characters that are legible in context only παρασχεῖνinfinitive.aor.act of παρέχω ("hand over, provide") τὰarticle.pl.neut.acc of ὁ ("the") ἐνελ̣κόμεναparticiple.pl.pres.mid.neut.acc of ἐνέλκω ("to be charged, imposed upon")
→ ḍọṭṭẹḍ letters indicate characters that are legible in context only εἰςpreposition εἰς ("into") αὐτω*asterisk indicates error or non-standard form for the correct αὐτὸ: demonstrative.sg.neut.acc of αὐτός ("self; him, her (declined cases)")
13 τω*asterisk indicates error or non-standard form for the correct τὸ: article.sg.neut.acc of ὁ ("the") κτ̣ηματι*asterisk indicates error or non-standard form for the correct κτῆμα: noun.sg.neut.acc of κτῆμα ("possession, real estate, vineyard")
→ ḍọṭṭẹḍ letters indicate characters that are legible in context only ἐνpreposition ἐν ("in") σίτ̣ῳnoun.sg.masc.dat of σῖτος ("grain")
→ ḍọṭṭẹḍ letters indicate characters that are legible in context only καὶcoordinator of καί ("and") χρυσικοῖςadjective.pl.masc.dat.pos of χρυσικός ("in gold") καὶcoordinator of καί ("and") ἀλλων*asterisk indicates error or non-standard form for the correct ἄλλοις: indefinite.pl.masc.dat of ἄλλος ("other")
14 καὶcoordinator of καί ("and") εἰςpreposition εἰς ("into") τ[ὸ]νarticle.sg.masc.acc of ὁ ("the")
→ square brackets [ ] embrace text that is lost but has been reconstructed λόγονnoun.sg.masc.acc of λόγος ("word, account") αὐταις*asterisk indicates error or non-standard form for the correct αὐτῶν: demonstrative.pl.masc.gen of αὐτός ("self; him, her (declined cases)") ταις*asterisk indicates error or non-standard form for the correct τῶν: article.pl.masc.gen of ὁ ("the") γεουχαις*asterisk indicates error or non-standard form for the correct γεούχων: noun.pl.masc.gen of γεοῦχος ("landowner") ἐκτὸςpreposition ἐκτός ("sixth") τὴν*asterisk indicates error or non-standard form for the correct τῆς: article.sg.fem.gen of ὁ ("the") συντελειαν*asterisk indicates error or non-standard form for the correct συντελείας: noun.sg.fem.gen of συντέλεια ("completion")
15 ἐνpreposition ἐν ("in") ἄνω̣adverb of ἄνω ("upwards")
→ ḍọṭṭẹḍ letters indicate characters that are legible in context only δ̣[ό]σ̣ειnoun.sg.fem.dat of δόσις ("gift")
→ square brackets [ ] embrace text that is lost but has been reconstructed
→ ḍọṭṭẹḍ letters indicate characters that are legible in context only καὶcoordinator of καί ("and") λ̣[ὶ]ψ̣noun.sg.masc.nom of λίψ ("west")
→ square brackets [ ] embrace text that is lost but has been reconstructed
→ ḍọṭṭẹḍ letters indicate characters that are legible in context only διδόναιinfinitive.pres.act of δίδωμι ("give") αὐταῖς ⟦αυτοις⟧demonstrative.pl.fem.dat of αὐτός ("self; him, her (declined cases)")
→ double square brackets ⟦ ⟧ embrace text that has been erased by the scribe σίτουnoun.sg.masc.gen of σῖτος ("grain")
16 ἀρτάβα̣[ς]noun.pl.fem.acc of ἀρτάβη ("artaba")
→ square brackets [ ] embrace text that is lost but has been reconstructed
→ ḍọṭṭẹḍ letters indicate characters that are legible in context only εἴκοσιnumeral εἴκοσι ("twenty") ἓξnumeral ἕξ ("six") μέτρῳnoun.sg.neut.dat of μέτρον ("measure") το(ῦ)article.sg.neut.gen of ὁ ("the")
→ round brackets ( ) embrace text that has been abbreviated ἐνδοξ(οτάτου)adjective.sg.neut.gen.sup of ἔνδοξος ("famous")
→ round brackets ( ) embrace text that has been abbreviated κόμ(ητος)noun.sg.fem.gen of κόμης ("count (comes)")
→ round brackets ( ) embrace text that has been abbreviated Ἀμμωνίουgen, person's name, reference to Ammonios (TM Per 408448)
17 κ̣αὶcoordinator of καί ("and")
→ ḍọṭṭẹḍ letters indicate characters that are legible in context only ὑπὲρpreposition ὑπέρ ("over, concerning") [βο]σ̣κημά̣τωνnoun.pl.neut.gen of βόσκημα ("pasturage")
→ square brackets [ ] embrace text that is lost but has been reconstructed
→ ḍọṭṭẹḍ letters indicate characters that are legible in context only διδόναιinfinitive.pres.act of δίδωμι ("give") αὐταῖςdemonstrative.pl.fem.dat of αὐτός ("self; him, her (declined cases)") ἐραίας*asterisk indicates error or non-standard form for the correct ἐρέας: noun.sg.fem.gen of ἐρέα ("wool") καθαρᾶς ⟦[.]αθαρας⟧adjective.sg.fem.gen.pos of καθαρός ("pure, clean")
→ double square brackets ⟦ ⟧ embrace text that has been erased by the scribe
18 π̣επλιμ[έν]α̣ς*asterisk indicates error or non-standard form for the correct πεπλυμένας: participle.pl.pf.mid.fem.acc of πλύνω ("wash")
→ square brackets [ ] embrace text that is lost but has been reconstructed
→ ḍọṭṭẹḍ letters indicate characters that are legible in context only λίτ̣ραςnoun.pl.fem.acc of λίτρα ("measure, 1 liter (often for meat)")
→ ḍọṭṭẹḍ letters indicate characters that are legible in context only δώδεκαnumeral δώδεκα ("twelve"),punctuation (not present in the original) ἀκωλύτωςadverb of ἀκώλυτος ("unhindered") @^inline^δὲ@coordinator of δέ ("but") ἔχω ⟦δεχω⟧verb.1.sg.pres.ind.act of ἔχω ("to have")
→ double square brackets ⟦ ⟧ embrace text that has been erased by the scribe
19 λαβεῖνinfinitive.aor.act of λαμβάνω ("take") [ὕδ]ωρnoun.sg.neut.acc of ὕδωρ ("water")
→ square brackets [ ] embrace text that is lost but has been reconstructed ἀπὸpreposition ἀπό ("from") τῶνarticle.pl.neut.gen of ὁ ("the") ὑ̣δρευμάτων ⟦υ̣τρευματων⟧noun.pl.neut.gen of ὕδρευμα ("watering-place")
→ double square brackets ⟦ ⟧ embrace text that has been erased by the scribe
→ ḍọṭṭẹḍ letters indicate characters that are legible in context only εἰςpreposition εἰς ("into") ξέναςadjective.pl.fem.acc.pos of ξένος ("foreigner") ἀρούραςnoun.pl.fem.acc of ἄρουρα ("aroura (measure of land)")
20 ἄνευpreposition ἄνευ ("without") μι[σθοῦ]noun.sg.masc.gen of μισθός ("hire, wages")
→ square brackets [ ] embrace text that is lost but has been reconstructed [.]punctuation (not present in the original)
→ square brackets [ ] embrace text that is lost but has been reconstructed [ἡ]article.sg.fem.nom of ὁ ("the")
→ square brackets [ ] embrace text that is lost but has been reconstructed μίσθωσιςnoun.sg.fem.nom of μίσθωσις ("lease, rent") δισσην*asterisk indicates error or non-standard form for the correct δισσὴ: adjective.sg.fem.nom.pos of δισσός ("twofold") ὁμοτυπον*asterisk indicates error or non-standard form for the correct ὁμότυπος: adjective.sg.fem.nom.pos of ὁμότυπος ("of the same type, identical") καὶcoordinator of καί ("and") ἐπερ(ωτηθεὶς)participle.sg.aor.pass.masc.nom of ἐπερωτάω ("ask, consult")
→ round brackets ( ) embrace text that has been abbreviated <ὡμολόγησα>verb.1.sg.aor.ind.act of ὁμολογέω ("agree, acknowledge")
→ pointy brackets < > embrace text that has been added by the editor.punctuation (not present in the original) Αὐρήλιοςnom, person's name, reference to Psachos (TM Per 186804)
21 Ψαχὼ[ς]nom, person's name, reference to Psachos (TM Per 186804) [Βίκτ]οροςgen, father's name, reference to Victor (TM Per 228764) ὁarticle.sg.masc.nom of ὁ ("the") προκ(είμενος)participle.sg.pres.mid.masc.nom of πρόκειμαι ("to be set before one; foregoing (partic. neuter)")
→ round brackets ( ) embrace text that has been abbreviated μεμίσθωμαιverb.1.sg.pf.ind.mid of μισθόω ("let out for hire; lease (medial)") ὡςconjunction ὡς ("so (that), like") πρόκ(ειται)verb.3.sg.pres.ind.mid of πρόκειμαι ("to be set before one; foregoing (partic. neuter)")
→ round brackets ( ) embrace text that has been abbreviated.punctuation (not present in the original) Αὐρήλιοςnom, person's name, reference to Psachos (TM Per 186804)
22 Ἰωάνν̣[ης]nom, person's name, reference to Ioannes (TM Per 408443) [Ἀβ]ρααμίο(υ) ἀξι[ω]θεὶςparticiple.sg.aor.pass.masc.nom of ἀξιόω ("ask")
→ square brackets [ ] embrace text that is lost but has been reconstructed ἔγραψαverb.1.sg.aor.ind.act of γράφω ("write") ὑ̣πὲρpreposition ὑπέρ ("over, concerning")
→ ḍọṭṭẹḍ letters indicate characters that are legible in context only αὐτο(ῦ)demonstrative.sg.masc.gen of αὐτός ("self; him, her (declined cases)")
→ round brackets ( ) embrace text that has been abbreviated γράμματαnoun.pl.neut.acc of γράμμα ("what is written, letter")
23 μὴadverb of μή ("not") εἰδ[ότ(ος?)]participle.sg.pf.act.masc.gen of οἶδα ("know")
→ square brackets [ ] embrace text that is lost but has been reconstructed
→ round brackets ( ) embrace text that has been abbreviated [.]punctuation (not present in the original)
→ square brackets [ ] embrace text that is lost but has been reconstructed []NA of _ (no translation available)
→ square brackets [ ] embrace text that is lost but has been reconstructed [.]NA of _ (no translation available) (ὑπὲρ)preposition ὑπέρ ("over, concerning")
→ round brackets ( ) embrace text that has been abbreviated τ̣ῆςarticle.sg.fem.gen of ὁ ("the")
→ ḍọṭṭẹḍ letters indicate characters that are legible in context only ἐμβ[ολ]ῆςnoun.sg.fem.gen of ἐμβολή ("shipment, loading")
→ square brackets [ ] embrace text that is lost but has been reconstructed σὺνpreposition σύν ("with") να̣[ύ]λ̣οιςnoun.pl.masc.dat of ναῦλος ("passage-money, fare")
→ square brackets [ ] embrace text that is lost but has been reconstructed
→ ḍọṭṭẹḍ letters indicate characters that are legible in context only καὶcoordinator of καί ("and") τὸarticle.sg.neut.nom of ὁ ("the") χρυσι̣κ(ὸν)adjective.sg.neut.nom.pos of χρυσικός ("in gold")
→ round brackets ( ) embrace text that has been abbreviated
→ ḍọṭṭẹḍ letters indicate characters that are legible in context only
24 καὶcoordinator of καί ("and") ἀλλ(…)NA of _ (no translation available)
→ round brackets ( ) embrace text that has been abbreviated [.....]NA of _ (no translation available).punctuation (not present in the original) δώσωverb.1.sg.fut.ind.act of δίδωμι ("give") δὲcoordinator of δέ ("but") κ[αὶ]coordinator of καί ("and")
→ square brackets [ ] embrace text that is lost but has been reconstructed [τυ]ρ̣οὺςnoun.pl.masc.acc of τυρός ("cheese")
→ square brackets [ ] embrace text that is lost but has been reconstructed
→ ḍọṭṭẹḍ letters indicate characters that are legible in context only ἑβδ[ομή]κ̣ο̣νταnumeral ἑβδομήκοντα ("seventy")
→ square brackets [ ] embrace text that is lost but has been reconstructed
→ ḍọṭṭẹḍ letters indicate characters that are legible in context only καὶcoordinator of καί ("and") λε̣ψ[άνη]ς̣verb.2.sg.aor.ind.pass of λεψάννω (no translation available)
→ square brackets [ ] embrace text that is lost but has been reconstructed
→ ḍọṭṭẹḍ letters indicate characters that are legible in context only
25 κ̣ο̣λ̣[ο]β̣ὰ̣adjective.pl.neut.acc.pos of κολοβός ("maimed, castrated")
→ square brackets [ ] embrace text that is lost but has been reconstructed
→ ḍọṭṭẹḍ letters indicate characters that are legible in context only [ἓξ]numeral ἕξ ("six")
→ square brackets [ ] embrace text that is lost but has been reconstructed [?][.]ο̣ςNA of _ (no translation available)
→ square brackets [ ] embrace text that is lost but has been reconstructed
→ ḍọṭṭẹḍ letters indicate characters that are legible in context only Ἰ̣ω̣άννηςnom, person's name, reference to Ioannes (TM Per 408443) [.]ο̣σ̣το(υ)NA of _ (no translation available)
→ round brackets ( ) embrace text that has been abbreviated
→ ḍọṭṭẹḍ letters indicate characters that are legible in context only †NA of _ (no translation available) δ̣ι̣ʼpreposition διά ("through, because of")
→ ḍọṭṭẹḍ letters indicate characters that are legible in context only [ἐμοῦ]personal.sg.comm.gen of ἐγώ ("I, me")
→ square brackets [ ] embrace text that is lost but has been reconstructed [.]NA of _ (no translation available) ἐγράφ[η]verb.3.sg.aor.ind.pass of γράφω ("write")
→ square brackets [ ] embrace text that is lost but has been reconstructed [†]NA of _ (no translation available)
→ square brackets [ ] embrace text that is lost but has been reconstructed.punctuation (not present in the original)
p.lond.5.1695_2
26 [---]NA of _ (no translation available) Ψακῶτοςgen, person's name, reference to Psachos (TM Per 186804) Βίκτοροςgen, father's name, reference to Victor (TM Per 228764) κτήμ(ατα)noun.pl.neut.nom of κτῆμα ("possession, real estate, vineyard")→ round brackets ( ) embrace text that has been abbreviated Πιαϩnumeral Πιοϩ (no translation available) Πετοreference to κτῆμα Πιαϩ Πετο (TM Geo 6594: U10a - Pia Peto) καν(όνος)noun.sg.masc.gen of κανών ("canon (form of taxation)")
→ round brackets ( ) embrace text that has been abbreviated (δεκάτης)adjective.sg.fem.gen.pos of δέκατος ("tenth")
→ round brackets ( ) embrace text that has been abbreviated <ἰνδικτίονος>noun.sg.fem.gen of ἰνδικτιών ("indiction (dating period)")
→ pointy brackets < > embrace text that has been added by the editor.punctuation (not present in the original)
Display options
Text:
- original, uncorrected text with diacritics (omit)
- including line breaks (omit)
- including links to TM Words e.a. (omit)
Highlights:
- without highlights of Places (add)
- without highlights of People (add)
- without highlights of Gods (add)
- without highlights of Text Irregularities (add)
- without highlights of Dates (add)
Letters only:
- without exclusive highlights of Formulae (add)