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37 | Latin | Indo-European | Italic | ++Trismegistos should have almost all Latin texts, although this is a very large field for which much is happening. We try to keep abreast of developments by working together with the partners of the EAGLE-consortium (EDR, EDH, EDB, HispEpOl and many others) and by keeping an eye on the Clauss-Slaby database (EDCS). Latin also includes the texts in the Faliscan dialect, entered on the basis of Bakkum, The Latin dialect of the Ager Faliscus. | 485140 |
30 | Greek | Indo-European | Graeco-Phrygian | +Trismegistos should have almost all Greek (alphabetical) manuscripts and papyri up to the year AD 800, but will lack many inscriptions on stone and other hard materials, although we are currently working on that and there is a fair amount of coverage for all places except Asia Minor. See also Cypriot. | 323265 |
80 | Ancient North Arabian | Afro-Asiatic | Semitic | ++Trismegistos should have almost all inscriptions in the Ancient North Arabian languages or dialects: Safaitic, Taymanitic, Dadanitic, Hismaic, or mixed Safaitic & Hismaic. They have been entered on the basis of the OCIANA database (part of DASI). | 37373 |
18 | Coptic | Afro-Asiatic | Egyptian | ++Trismegistos should have all documentary papyri in Coptic through the Brussels Coptic Database and own work. The literary ones pre-dating AD 800 have been entered as part of the LDAB. Coverage of the inscriptions is patchy and there are almost no literary manuscripts from after AD 800. | 26218 |
21 | Demotic | Afro-Asiatic | Egyptian | ++Trismegistos should have all texts written in Demotic, added on the basis of our own additions from various publications. See also the former Demotic and Abnormal Hieratic Texts (DAHT) database, which has now been fused with Trismegistos. | 24206 |
2 | Akkadian | Afro-Asiatic | Semitic | -Trismegistos currently has some post-BC 800 material provided to us by the kind cooperation of Jamie Novotny, from ORACC projects such as SAAo, Suhu, RIBo, or RINAP. For Neo-Babylonian, Trismegistos currently has the post-BC 800 material available in the Neo-Babylonian Cuneiform Corpus (NaBuCCo). Much work remains to be done here. | 10148 |
24 | Etruscan | Isolate | Tyrsenian | +Trismegistos should have almost all Etruscan texts, on the basis of a cooperation with Gerhard Meiser's new edition (2014) of Rix, Etruskische Texte, who made available a preliminary version of his manuscript to us. There seems to be no database of Etruscan at present. | 10085 |
32 | Hieratic | Afro-Asiatic | Egyptian | ++Trismegistos should have most post-BC 800 texts written in hieratic, also through the database Hieratic and Hieroglyphic Papyri (HHP), which now has been integrated into TM. For earlier texts, we have covered the Books of the Dead and documentary papyri from Deir el-Medina, and are working on earlier material in cooperation with the project Altägyptische Kursivtexten (AKU) in Mainz. | 8024 |
33 | Hieroglyphic | Afro-Asiatic | Egyptian | +Trismegistos has many post-BC 800 hieroglyphic texts, but cannot claim any exhaustivity. Temple texts are almost completely missing, and so will be many statues and stelae. Ushebtis and amulets are excluded altogether for the time being. Except for papyri and ostraca, where we work together with the project Altägyptische Kursivtexten (AKU) in Mainz, there are almost no texts pre-dating BC 800. | 7778 |
4 | Ancient South Arabian | Afro-Asiatic | Semitic | +Trismegistos should have almost all inscriptions on the basis of the information of our partner The Digital Archive for the Study of Pre-Islamic Arabian inscriptions (DASI). Several hundreds of palm leaves have been also been found, but are not yet fully covered. | 7723 |
6 | Arabic | Afro-Asiatic | Semitic | ++Trismegistos should have the overwhelming majority of published pre-AD 800 Arabic documentary papyri through the Arabic Papyri Database (APD). Some post-AD 800 material is included as well. The pre-AD 800 literary manuscripts have been added individually as LDAB entries. Coverage of inscriptions is patchy. | 6158 |
52 | Palmyrene | Afro-Asiatic | Semitic | -Trismegistos should have most of the Palmyrene texts on the basis of D.R. Hillers & E. Cussini, Palmyrene Aramaic Texts, Baltimore, 1996. There seems to be no database for Palmyrene at present. | 2846 |
53 | Parthian | Indo-European | Iranian | -Trismegistos currently only has very few, mostly papyrological examples. | 2751 |
7 | Aramaic | Afro-Asiatic | Semitic | +Trismegistos should have all the texts from Egypt (ATE), as well as pre-AD 800 literary texts, including the Qumran material (LDAB). Otherwise (ostraca, inscriptions) coverage may be patchy. | 2411 |
34 | Iberian | Isolate | Iberian | -Trismegistos currently has a good proportion of the Iberian inscription through cooperation with the Hesperia database (with zones H and J still missing). | 2198 |
36 | Italic | Indo-European | Italic | ++Trismegistos should have all Italic texts (including only Sabellic and not Latino-Faliscan), on the basis of Crawford et al., Imagines Italicae, London 2011. There seems to be no database for Italic at present. No attempt has been made to enter the discussion of the identification of languages and dialects. | 1753 |
31 | Hebrew | Afro-Asiatic | Semitic | +Trismegistos should have all the texts from Egypt (ATE), as well as pre-AD 800 literary texts, including the Qumran material (LDAB). The entry of early material (including Paleo-Hebrew) is mainly based on Donner / Röllig, Kanaanäische und aramäische Inschriften (2nd ed.), and therefore coverage is patchy. | 1654 |
39 | Libyan | Afro-Asiatic | Berber? | ++Trismegistos should have most of the inscriptions currently known. The basis is Chabot, Recueil des inscriptions Libyques (1940), with the supplement for Algeria and Tunesia by Rebuffat (up to 2012). For the Canarian islands and some from Morocco the Libyco-Berber Inscriptions Online Database (LBI) has been used. | 1534 |
67 | unknown | ++ | 1447 | ||
66 | uninscribed | ++ | 1175 | ||
42 | Meroitic cursive | Nilo-Saharan? | Eastern Sudanic? | ++Trismegistos should have almost all Meroitic inscriptions based on Leclant, Répertoire d'épigraphie méroïtique (2000). There seems to be no database for Meroitic at present. | 888 |
62 | Syriac | Afro-Asiatic | Semitic | +Trismegistos should have almost all the literary manuscripts in Syriac pre-dating the eighth century AD, but only a few third century documents. | 848 |
25 | Gaulish | Indo-European | Celtic | ++Trismegistos should have most Gaulish texts, based on the 1988 corpus by Duval, Recueil des Inscriptions Gauloises. See also Cisalpine Gaulish. | 838 |
20 | Cypriot | Indo-European | Greek | ++Trismegistos should have most of the inscriptions in Cypriot syllabary from Egypt and from the homeland, on the basis of Masson, Les inscriptions chypriotes syllabiques. | 713 |
108 | Sogdian | Indo-European | Sogdian | -Trismegistos currently only has the Kultobe inscriptions and the 'Ancient Letters'. The Upper Indus graffiti, the Mugh Documents and the Buddhist texts are on our to-do list. | 680 |
44 | Messapic | Indo-European | Illyric? | ++Trismegistos currently only has the Messapic inscriptions catalogued in de Simone & Marchesini, Monumenta linguae Messapicae (2002). There seems to be no database for Venetic at present. | 595 |
50 | Old Nubian | Nilo-Saharan? | Eastern Sudanic | ++Trismegistos should have almost all Old Nubian texts, based on a cooperation with the Database of Medieval Nubian Texts (DBMNT). | 565 |
87 | Phrygian | Indo-European | Graeco-Phrygian | +Trismegistos should have most Phrygian inscriptions on the basis of the Corpus des inscriptions paléo-phrygiennes by C. Brixhe and Michel Lejeune (1984), with a few additions from journals. There seems to be no database for Phrygian at present. | 522 |
91 | Faliscan | Indo-European | Italic | -On the authority of Bakkum, The Latin Dialect of the Ager Faliscus: 150 years of Scholarship, Amsterdam 2009, Faliscan is to be classified as Latin, but we retain it as a separate language for prcatical purposes. | 450 |
106 | Old Germanic | Indo-European | Germanic | Old Germanic is the blanket term used by Trismegistos for West Germanic, East Germanic and North Germanic as they were spoken from the 5th century BC to the 8th century AD, before Old Norse and Old High German arose. See also Gothic. | 432 |
58 | Raetic | Isolate | Tyrsenian | ++Trismegistos should have most Raetic inscriptions on the basis of Schumacher, Corpus inscriptionum Raeticarum completum et emendatum (1992). There seems to be no database for Raetic at present. | 357 |
38 | Lepontic | Indo-European | Celtic | ++Trismegistos should have almost all Lepontic texts, on the basis of the online Lexicon Leponticum (LexLep). | 337 |
68 | Venetic | Indo-European | Venetic | +Trismegistos currently only has the Venetic inscriptions based on Pellegrini / Prosdocimi, La lingua venetica (1962). There seems to be no database for Venetic at present. | 295 |
15 | Celtiberian | Indo-European | Celtic | ++Trismegistos should have almost all Celtiberian texts, on the basis of the Hesperia database. | 277 |
54 | Phoenician | Afro-Asiatic | Semitic | -Trismegistos should have most of the Phoenician texts from Egypt through Aramaic Texts from Egypt (ATE). For other areas, coverage is limited and mainly based on Donner / Röllig, Kanaanäische und aramäische Inschriften (2nd ed.). Eventually we hope to work together with Corpus Inscriptionum Phoenicarum necnon Poenicarum (CIP). | 242 |
109 | Camunic | Isolate? | Camunic | -Trismegistos is now processing teh Camunic inscriptions on the basis of some articles collecting regional corpora. | 227 |
73 | Old English | Indo-European | Germanic | ++Trismegistos should have all pre-AD 800 manuscripts with Old English, mainly glosses. For the Runic inscriptions we are quite exhaustive through the incorporation of the RuneS material, and for those in Latin script we have integrated Okasha's Hand-List and its various supplements. | 187 |
83 | Lycian | Indo-European | Anatolian | ++Trismegistos should have almost all Lycian inscriptions on the basis of eDiAna (https://www.ediana.gwi.uni-muenchen.de/news.php), cross-checked with the list compiled by H. Craig Melchert (https://linguistics.ucla.edu/people/Melchert/lyciancorpus.pdf). | 185 |
57 | Punic | Afro-Asiatic | Semitic | --Trismegistos currently has only few Punic inscriptions, mainly bilingual texts. We have entered those in Donner / Röllig, Kanaanäische und aramäische Inschriften (2nd ed.). In the future we hope to work together with Corpus Inscriptionum Phoenicarum necnon Poenicarum (CIP). | 159 |
47 | Nabataean | Afro-Asiatic | Semitic | +Trismegistos currently only has some bilingual papyri from the Near East and a good deal of inscriptions from the Eastern desert in Egypt, but coverage is by no means complete. A database called the Corpus of Nabataean Inscriptions has been announced on the DASI website. | 150 |
64 | unclear | ++ | 139 | ||
65 | unidentified | ++ | 123 | ||
1 | Abnormal Hieratic | Afro-Asiatic | Egyptian | ++Trismegistos should have almost all Abnormal Hieratic texts, added on the basis of our own additions from various publications. See also the former Demotic and Abnormal Hieratic Texts (DAHT) database, which has now been fused with Trismegistos. | 119 |
85 | Lydian | Indo-European | Anatolian | ++Trismegistos should have almost all Lydian inscriptions on the basis of eDiAna (https://www.ediana.gwi.uni-muenchen.de/news.php), cross-checked with the list compiled by H. Craig Melchert (https://linguistics.ucla.edu/people/Melchert/lydiancorpus.pdf). | 118 |
13 | Carian | Indo-European | Anatolian | ++Trismegistos should have almost all Carian texts, added from individual publications for the Egypt material, and on the basis of eDiAna (https://www.ediana.gwi.uni-muenchen.de/news.php) for the material from the Carian homeland. | 94 |
74 | Old High German | Indo-European | Germanic | ++Trismegistos should have all pre-AD 800 manuscripts with Old German, mainly glosses. | 92 |
43 | Meroitic glyphs | Nilo-Saharan? | Eastern Sudanic? | ++Trismegistos should have almost all Meroitic inscriptions based on Leclant, Répertoire d'épigraphie méroïtique (2000), both hieroglyphic and cursive inscriptions. There seems to be no database for Meroitic at present. | 90 |
72 | Neo-Punic | Afro-Asiatic | Semitic | -Trismegistos currently has only very few inscriptions in Neo-Punic, on the basis of Donner / Röllig, Kanaanäische und aramäische Inschriften (2nd ed.). We have been in touch with the CIP or Inscriptionum Phoenicarum necnon Poenicarum (cip.cchs.csic.es/), but the website has become unavailable now, it seems. | 90 |
86 | Pisidian | Indo-European | Anatolian | ++Trismegistos should have almost all Pisidian inscriptions on the basis of eDiAna (https://www.ediana.gwi.uni-muenchen.de/news.php). | 54 |
46 | Middle Persian | Indo-European | Iranian | +Trismegistos currently only has some of the papyrological attestations of this language (perhaps better known as Pehlevi), mainly from Egypt. | 39 |
102 | Latino-Punic | Afro-Asiatic | Semitic | -Latino-Punic is the name for texts written in the Punic language but Latin script. Currently Trismegistos only has a limited amount of Latino-Punic texts. | 38 |
78 | Sumerian | Isolate | Sumerian | -Trismegistos currently has some inscriptions through our cooperation with Akkadian projects, and a set of Sumerian texts in Greek script. No attempt has been made at a thorough survey. | 31 |
26 | Georgian | Kartvelian | Karto-Zan | +Trismegistos currently only has the literary texts pre-dating AD 800, in Asomtavruli script. WE have some of the early inscriptions, but we hope to add them all in cooperation with the project 'Epigraphic Corpus of Georgia'. | 29 |
49 | Old Coptic | Afro-Asiatic | Egyptian | ++Trismegistos should have all of the texts in Old Coptic, added on the basis of our own additions from various publications.. | 29 |
19 | Cursive Hieroglyphic | Afro-Asiatic | Egyptian | ++Trismegistos should have most of the post-BC 800 cursive hieroglyphic texts, added through the Book of the Dead database. | 23 |
8 | Armenian | Indo-European | Armenian | ++Trismegistos currently only has manuscripts written in Armenian language and Armenian Script pre-dating AD 800. The early inscriptions are still lacking. | 21 |
59 | Runic | Indo-European | Germanic | +Trismegistos should have most of the Runic inscriptions: the older inscriptions in 'Elder Futhark' were entered as they are listed in the online Runenprojekt Kiel, while those in Anglo-Saxon Futhorc were entered on the basis of the RuneS project. See also Pseudo-Runic. | 20 |
75 | Old Irish | Indo-European | Celtic | ++Trismegistos should have almost all Old Irish inscriptionss, on the basis of the Celtic Inscribed Stones Project (CISP)., as well as all pre-AD 800 manuscripts with Old Irish, mainly glosses. | 20 |
90 | Scythian | Indo-European | Iranian | -Trismegistos currently only has only a few bilingual Greek / Scythian inscriptions. A more thorough survey is on our to-do list. | 17 |
14 | Spanish | Indo-European | Romance | ++Only a few post-AD 1500 texts in (modern) Spanish or Castilian have entered Trismegistos through partner projects, 'accidentally'. See also Old Spanish. | 15 |
29 | Gothic | Indo-European | Germanic | ++Trismegistos should have almost all Gothic texts, mainly (Bible) manuscripts. | 14 |
11 | Old Welsh | Indo-European | Celtic | ++Trismegistos should have almost all Old Welsh texts, on the basis of the Celtic Inscribed Stones Project (CISP). See also Runic and Ogham. | 13 |
23 | Ethiopian | Afro-Asiatic | Semitic | -Trismegistos currently only has a few inscriptions from Axum and the Garima Gospels. | 13 |
92 | Eteocretan | Isolate | Eteocretan | ++Trismegistos should have almost all Eteocretan inscriptions on the basis of Y. Duhoux, L'Étéocrétois, Amsterdam 1982. There seems to be no database for Eteocretan at present. | 13 |
96 | Bactrian | Indo-European | Iranian | -Trismegistos currently only has a single Bactrian inscription. A more thorough survey is on our to-do list. | 13 |
100 | Eteocypriot | Isolate | Eteocypriot | ++Trismegistos should have almost all Eteocypriot inscriptions on the basis of O. Masson, Les inscriptions chypriotes syllabiques, Paris 1983. There seems to be no database for Eteocypriot at present. | 12 |
89 | Sidetic | Indo-European | Anatolian | ++Trismegistos should have almost all Sidetic inscriptions on the basis of Johannes Nollé's work on Side (IK 44) from 2001, with a few additions from journals. There seems to be no database for Sidetic at present. | 10 |
17 | Cisalpine Gaulish | Indo-European | Celtic | ++Trismegistos should have the few Cisalpine Gaulish inscriptions known, added on the basis of our own additions from various publications and texts in the Lexicon Leponticum (LexLep). | 9 |
70 | Elamite | Isolate | Elamite | -Trismegistos currently only has the odd Elamitic (bilingual) text, but no attempt has been made at a thorough survey. | 9 |
79 | Old Persian | Indo-European | Iranian | -Old Persian is the term used in Trismegistos for a few (bilingual) texts. Its use should be checked. | 9 |
41 | Lusitanian | Indo-European | Lusitanian | ++Trismegistos should have almost all of the few Lusitanian texts, on the basis of the Hesperia database. | 7 |
88 | Thracian | Indo-European | Thracian | -Trismegistos currently has no Thracian texts. A survey of the few that exist is on our to-do list. | 7 |
61 | Sicel | Isolate | Sicel | -Trismegistos currently has some of the few inscriptions with Sicel. No attempt has been made at a thorough survey. | 6 |
107 | Old Spanish | Indo-European | Romance | ++Only a few post-AD 800 texts in Old Spanish or Old Castilian have entered Trismegistos through partner projects, 'accidentally'. See also Spanish. | 5 |
40 | Ligurian | Isolate | Ligurian | ++Trismegistos currently has a single inscription in this cryptic language. | 4 |
48 | North Picene | Isolate | North Picene | ++Trismegistos should have almost all of the very rare North Picene inscriptions. There seems to be no database for North Picene at present. | 4 |
60 | Semitic | Afro-Asiatic | Semitic | ++Semitic is a blanket name which is not normally used in Trismegistos. The few examples should be investigated further. | 4 |
55 | Pseudo-Hieroglyphic | Afro-Asiatic | Egyptian | ++Trismegistos currently has some 'bilingual' texts with Pseudo-Hieroglyphic. No attempt has been made at a thorough survey. | 3 |
94 | Prakrit | Indo-European | Indo-Aryan | -Sauraseni Prakrit is a language closely related to Sanskrit, mainly written in the Brahmi script. Its presence in Trismegistos is very limited. | 3 |
3 | Caucasian Albanian | Northeast Caucasian | Lezgic | ++Trismegistos currently only has the rare manuscripts written in (Caucasian) Albanian language and script pre-dating AD 800, as signalled to us by Jos Gippert. | 2 |
63 | Thamudic | Afro-Asiatic | Semitic | --Trismegistos currently only has the odd Thamudic text, but no attempt has been made at a thorough survey. | 2 |
71 | Italian | Indo-European | Romance | ++Only a few post-AD 800 texts in Italian have entered Trismegistos, 'accidentally'. | 2 |
76 | Pseudo-Hieratic | Afro-Asiatic | Egyptian | -Trismegistos currently has some 'bilingual' texts with Pseudo-Hieratic. No attempt has been made at a thorough survey. | 2 |
84 | Milyan | Indo-European | Anatolian | ++Trismegistos should have almost all Milyan (or Lycian B) inscriptions on the basis of eDiAna (https://www.ediana.gwi.uni-muenchen.de/news.php). | 2 |
95 | Proto-Basque | Isolate | Basque | ++Basque is an isolate language, possibly related to Iberian. A single text is close enough to consider it as an form of Proto-Basque. | 2 |
98 | Luwian | Indo-European | Anatolian | --Trismegistos currently has only a single Luwian text. A better coverage is on our to-do list. | 2 |
104 | Lemnian | Isolate | Tyrsenian | -Lemnian is a language only know through the famous Lemnos Stela and a few other short inscriptions found on the island of Lemnos. It is closely associated with Etruscan. | 2 |
9 | Blemmyan | Afro-Asiatic | Cushitic | ++Blemmyan is in Trismegistos referred to as possible language for a single text only. | 1 |
10 | Breton | Indo-European | Celtic | ++Trismegistos should have all pre-AD 800 manuscripts with Breton, mainly glosses. See also Gaulish. | 1 |
27 | German | Indo-European | Germanic | ++Trismegistos should have all pre-AD 800 manuscripts with German, mainly glosses. | 1 |
69 | Old Catalan | Indo-European | Romance | ++Only a single post-AD 800 texts in Old Catalan has entered Trismegistos, 'accidentally'. | 1 |
77 | Slavonic | Indo-European | Slavic | ++Trismegistos should have all pre-AD 800 manuscripts with Slavonic, mainly glosses. | 1 |
82 | Old French | Indo-European | Romance | ++Only a single post-AD 800 texts in Old French has entered Trismegistos, 'accidentally'. | 1 |
93 | Old Occitan | Indo-European | Romance | ++Old Occitan is a Romance dialect spoken in the Middle Ages. It presence in Trismegistos is very limited. | 1 |
97 | Urartian | Hurro-Urartian | Urartian | --Trismegistos currently has only a single Urartian text. A recent corpus counted more than 500 texts in this non-Indoeuropean language attested from the 9th until the 6th century BC. | 1 |
99 | Old Turkic | Turkic | Common Turkic | --Trismegistos currently has only a single Old Turkic text. A better coverage is on our to-do list. | 1 |
101 | Mysian | Indo-European | Anatolian | ++Trismegistos currently has the single possibly Mysian inscription. | 1 |
103 | Sarmatian | Indo-European | Iranian | -Sarmatian in the name of a poorly attested Iranian language spoken north of the Black Sea. | 1 |
105 | Old Norse | Indo-European | Germanic | Old Norse is the predecessor of the current Scandinavian languages. We have only a singl, post-AD 800 text in Trismegistos. | 1 |
22 | Egyptian | Afro-Asiatic | Egyptian | ++Egyptian is a term for Ancient Egyptian. The term is currently not used in Trismegistos, but texts are classified according to the script they use. | 0 |
45 | Middle Egyptian | Afro-Asiatic | Egyptian | ++Middle Egyptian is a language stage of Ancient Egyptian. The term is currently not used in Trismegistos, since we use the script: hieratic, cursive hieroglyphic, or hieroglyphic. | 0 |
56 | Pseudo-Runic | Indo-European | Germanic | +Trismegistos should have most of the Runic inscriptions: the older inscriptions in 'Elder Futhark' were entered as they are listed in the online Runenprojekt Kiel, while those in Anglo-Saxon Futhorc were entered on the basis of the RuneS project. See also Runic. | 0 |